Frequently, when ordering promotional products made of some type of fabric (i.e. promotional clothing, tote bags, lanyards, etc.) the terms “woven” or “non-woven” appear in the product description. The terms can be confusing unless you understand what they mean and how they affect the final product.
“Woven” and “non-woven” are terms that are applied to fabrics of all different types. Any product that is made of fabric (natural or synthetic) or has components that contain fabric may be woven or non-woven.
All fabric/material begins as a fibre. For example, cotton comes from a cotton plant. The cotton that is harvested from the plant is in fibre form. In order to take cotton from the fibre stage to a piece of cloth it must undergo a particular process.
There are a number of processes that can create a fabric out of a group of fibres. Weaving them is one such process. Almost all of the other methods fall under the “non-woven” category of fabric creation.
“Woven” fabrics: Woven fabrics usually refer to fibres which must first be spun into thread. The threads are then woven together, usually on a loom. The result is a piece of fabric that can then be cut and sewn together to create an item, such as an article of clothing. Woven fabrics may have a loose weave or a very tight weave. The tighter the weave, the stronger the fabric typically is.
“Non-woven” fabrics: Non-woven fabrics are made from fibres that have not usually been spun into threads first. Rather, the fibres are fused together in some other manner to create a piece of fabric. Non-weaving processes include bonding fibres together chemically or mechanically, or using heat or a solvent to fuse fibres. Felt is an example of a familiar type of fabric that has been created by condensing and pressing fibres together.
Before weaving looms (even crude ones) were commonplace, non-woven fabrics were widely used. Fabrics like felt pre-date woven cloth. Later, methods of weaving were developed and looms became available and woven cloth began replacing non-woven fabric for many applications simply because woven fabric is usually stronger than non-woven.
Next week’s entry: Common applications for woven and non-woven cloth, including applications in promotional products.
Check out some sample woven and non-woven promotional items on our “Business Promotional Gifts of the Week” page.
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